Speech Males And Females Communication Differences English Language Essay

Speech Males And Females Communication Differences English Language Essay Introduction: The differences in linguistic styles between males and females have exercised linguistic researchers for decades (e.g. Trudgill 1972; Lakoff 1975; Labov 1990; Coates 1998). It has been argued for some time that some consistent differences exist in speech, Holmes (1993). Although the interpretation of such differences remains somewhat elusive. Most previous work has investigated apparent phonological and pragmatic differences between male and female language use in speech (e.g. Trudgill 1972; Key 1975; Holmes 1990; Labov 1990; Eckert 1997). Several statistical phenomena have emerged that appear to be fairly stable across a variety of contexts. For example, females seem to talk more about relationships than do males (Aries Johnson 1983; Tannen 1990) and use more compliments and apologies (Holmes 1988; Holmes 1989) and facilitative tag questions (Holmes 1984). Holmes (1993) has suggested that these and other phenomena might be generalized to a number of universals including that females are more attentive to the affective function of conversation and more prone to use linguistic devices that solidify relationships. However, interpretation of the underlying linguistic phenomena, particularly as regards their specific communicative functions, is the subject of considerable controversy (Bergvall et al 1996). For example, it has been argued (Cameron et al 1988) that the use of facilitative tag questions by women might be more plausibly interpreted as signs of conversational control than as signs of subordination, as had been previously contended (Lakoff 1975). Nevertheless, broadly speaking, the differences between female and male language use appear to be centered about the interaction between the linguistic actor and his or her linguistic context. Are gender issues just women issues? No, but it is understandable that many people think so. This is because in most societies women are subordinated to men. And they are thought to be inferior to men. Many women do not accept this, and therefore they challenge the way their culture and society ascribes them an inferior position and an inferior role. That means, it often tends to be women who raise the issue of gender. But gender refers just as much to the position and role of men in society. Are gender differences in communication patterns related to power? When people are strangers, they expect less competence from women than from men. But if women are known to have prior experience or expertise related to the task, or if women are assigned leadership roles, then women show greatly increased verbal behaviors in mixed-sex groups. Educated professionals who have high social status were less likely to use powerless language, regardless of gender. Thus, differences are linked to power, and are context-specific. Differences are socially created and therefore may be socially altered. Studies have found that talking time is related both to gender (because men spend more time talking than women) and to organizational power (because the more powerful spend more time talking than the less powerful). Who Talks More, Men or Women?    A common cultural stereotype describes women as being talkative, always speaking and expressing their feelings. Well, this is probably true; however, do women do it more than men? No! In fact an experiment designed to measure the amount of speech produced suggested that men are more prone to use up more talking time than women. An experiment b y Marjorie Swacker entailed using three pictures by a fifteenth century Flemish artist, Albrecht Durer which were presented to men and women separately. They were told to take as much time as they wanted to describe the pictures. The average time for males: 13.0 minutes, and the average time for women 3.17 minutes. Why is this?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociolinguists try to make the connection between our society and our language in a way that suggests that women talk less because it has not always been as culturally acceptable as it has been for men. Men have tended to take on a more dominant role not only in the household, but in the business world. This ever-changing concept is becoming less applicable in our society, however, the trend is still prominent in some societies across the world. It is more acceptable for a man to be talkative, carry on long conversation, or a give a long wordy speech, however it is less acceptable for a women to do so. It has been more of a historical trend for men have more rights to talk. However , it is common for men to be more silent in situations that require them to express emotion. Since childhood, they have been told to keep their cool and remain calm, be a man. Literature Review The different sources that Ive read and used in the literature review presented different points of view and analysis for the subjects by reliable writers and authorities in this issue. All the sources that were used assume that there is a real difference in communication between males and females, and they agreed that there were many misunderstandings or misinterpretations in communication between genders. However, each article and source presented its own examination of the miscommunication, and they proposed different ways by which to investigate this social issue. According to an article entitled Differences in Gender Communication (2005) there is another form of differences between genders. Communication can be verbal, non verbal, or written because people can communicate also using the mail system, the written way is added to the interpersonal communication in addition of course to the verbal and non verbal ways. From reading this article, it was clear that gender differences in communication existed also in the written way because we can determine the gender of a person just by reading its written words. The differences that exist between genders and the reason why women cant be more like a man play an important role in the creation of misunderstanding in communication. Also differences present the essential causes that lead to a disagreement in communication between the two genders. There are some factors that contribute to the instinctive differences that exist between genders; for instance, there are biological ones, also there is a kind of competitiveness that exists between men and women. In addition, the cultural part enters also into consideration. Another point stated by Hill (2002) is that, there are many styles of communication. These styles are the result of many factors where were from, how and where we were brought up, our educational background, our age, and it also can depend on our gender (p. 87). In communication, generally men and women have special manners and styles of speaking also a specific subject, Coates (1986, p 23). Many studies have been done to clarify the difference in communication between men and women. According to Canaray and Dindia (2006): Researchers typically report that men are more likely to emerge as leaders, to be directive and hierarchical, to dominate in groups by talking more and interrupting more. In contrast, women are found to be more expressive, supportive, facilitative, egalitarian, and cooperative than men, and to focus more on relationships and share more personally with others From this description of the difference between men and women at a level of behaviors, it was clear that women convey their ideas and feelings and cooperate more than men who want to be the leaders and to direct. In addition, the difference between genders in communication causes misunderstanding and leads to conflicts. For example, women might disclose their feelings and the problems that they are facing, but men think that women need help, so they start giving advice and trying to help. However, women behave like that in order to get closer to others not to get solutions (Gray, 1992, p 96). Another important point argued in the research of Tanner (2002) is the reason why difference exists in communication between genders. It is said that these differences should not exist because men and women might belong to the same environment as being neighbors or brothers and sisters, yet the difference is present even if they have a similar background. The dissimilarity rises from the games that boys and girls play since their childhood, and the groups they form. For example, boys form a big group and one is the leader; however, girls tend to form small groups and they disclose their feelings and their opinions (Tanner, 2002). Torppa claims that women and men sometimes perceive the same messages to have different meanings (2002, p112). That is due to the difference in the way of interpreting messages by the two genders. In fact, women are more likely to depend on others. In other words, women want to establish an emotional and passionate interdependence with men. Moreover, women try to satisfy the others as much as possible to make everyone satisfied, merry and happy whereas men more often stick to their independence and try to keep it intact whatever the situation may be. Besides, the spirit of competition inside them let these ones think of themselves more than any other one. Nevertheless, the misunderstandings between these two genders are mostly due to a difference in the way each one expresses oneself. Many examples of the normal life analysed by Torppa revealed that misunderstandings can be caused by a distortion in the manner people want to manifest their emotions and feelings to the other sex: wome n tend more to use words while men prefer generally to show them with acts. The possible way for coping with miscommunication is to try to be aware of the differences that exist with the other sex as well as to figure out what is the point of view or the angle from which the other sees the situation. Lakoff (1975) pioneering work suggested that womens speech typically displayed a range of features, such as tag questions, which marked it as inferior and weak. Thus, she argued that the type of subordinate speech learned by a young girl will later be an excuse others use to keep her in a demeaning position, to refuse to treat her seriously as a human being (1975, p.5). As what was said before, the difference of communication between men and women can trigger some misunderstandings, and in order to overcome this problem men and women should deal with each other as if they are from different cultures. They should not misinterpret words and body language, and try to understand what the other wants to convey. Moreover, they have to clarify and make sure that they understand the other by asking questions and doing perception checking (Lathrop, 2006). Conclusion The differences between genders in communication exist, not only in the verbal way but also in the non-verbal one was proved true. Moreover, these differences in communication are mostly due to culture, education and biologic origin. The consequences of these differences in communication which is misunderstandings that also proved right. However, new ideas also found in such as the fact that a significant number of men are concerned about this issue and have feelings of disappointment when facing misunderstandings with the other sex. No matter what communication style there is both men and women will communicate in different ways. Men will take the approach of instrumental communication style where they want the answer right away and establish their hierarchy. Women, on the other hand, will be more of an expressive style of communication as they will be able to confide to others and are more sensitive to issues than men and they will be able to build, maintain, and strengthen their relationship.

History Of Soccer :: essays research papers

Soccer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soccer is a great sport that has influenced nations. Millions gather to watch skilled athletes compete in a game of soccer. It is an international sport, so popular that physical education programs have soccer integrated into their plans. Many local communities also have soccer organizations for youths. Soccer has an interesting history going back as far as ancient Rome and Greece. Some other interesting topics that deal with soccer are my personal feelings about the sport and my opinions on the future of soccer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There in not much to be told about the origin of soccer. In ancient Rome and Greece, football and kicking games were played. In 1863, the London Football Association developed the first set of rules. Towards the end of the 19th century, soccer was brought to the United States. But people didn?t start to take a liking to the sport until WWI. In 1908, soccer was made an official Olympic sport. Since then, soccer?s popularity has spread like fire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To me, soccer is an outstanding sport. I love the strategic planning that occurs in the game of soccer. To play soccer, you need to be quick and agile, and your footwork must be meticulous. I like soccer because it comes natural to me. There?s nothing like waking up early on Saturdays and playing a competitive game. When I score goals, which I do often, I get the best feeling. I am contributing to my team winning. That?s why I like soccer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the future, I believe soccer will stay the weekend sport. I doubt that it will ever become as popular as basketball i.e.. NBA. It is increasing in popularity in the United Sports though. But you see, that?s in the United States. I visited Mexico last summer for a month and observed that soccer was the main sport. People would play pick-up games of soccer on basketball courts, as parks and grass space were limited. I say this only to show that soccer?s waning popularity in the US is minuscule compared to the popularity in other countries. So we never know, more people in the future may tune their TV sets to the

Bobbie Ann Mason-Shiloh- Setting Analysis Essay

â€Å"Shiloh† was written by Bobbie Ann Mason in 1982. The center of attraction of this narrative is a married couple, Leroy Moffitt and his wife, Norma Jean. During this story the characters are affected by their changing social rural Kentucky environment. In this time period, Kentucky transforms to a more suburb environment from their usual rural surroundings. Apart from their marriage changing with their social environment, so does their role of gender. Leroy and Norma Jean swaps traditional gender roles, which alters their marriage and leads to the breakdown of the Moffitts. The narrative is told from the perspective of Leroy Moffitt, a recent disabled truck driver. Although the injury leads him to sit home all day like a bored housewife, he pursues his hobby that is stereo typically feminine. He constructs craft objects from kits and sews needlepoint pillows, as a pleasurable interest. However, he dreams of building a log cabin for his wife from one of his craft kit model s, which symbolically portrays their marriage. The cabin is an unrealistic idea, and the project does not interest Norma Jean. Despite the fact that nothing dissuades him, he won’t let go of the idea of the cabin in the face of strong opposition that he won’t give up on his marriage in the face of clear evidence that his wife already has. Leroy sooner or later realizes that his marriage is as hollow as the boxy interior of their log cabin. Apart from Leroy’s lack of realization that his wife wants to adapt to her surroundings, and progress with her life, he is still stuck in the past and continues to pester his wife of living in an old log cabin. However, as Leroy builds craft kits and smokes marijuana all day, Norma Jean supports her and her husband by working at a Rexall drugstore. She eventually goes from a weightlifting class to a night composition class, reconstructing her mind and body and doing her best to adapt to change. In the meantime, Leroy resisting to do the same, is happy to be home and feels affectionate towards his wife, but he worries that she does not return these feelings. He wonders if his presence reminds her of their lost son, Randy, who died of sudden infant death syndrome. We have been informed that Leroy’s drug dealer, Stevie Hamilton, would of been the same age of Randy. This event tells the audience that Leroy refuses to move on from the past and continues to bring their marriage to an end. Consequently, the Moffitt’s gets one of their frequent visits from Mabel, the mother of Norma Jean and is constantly nagged by her to take a trip to Shiloh, a Civil War battlefield. This place is where Mabel and her late husband, Jet, spent their honeymoon and she thinks that such a trip will help them solve their marriage problems. After arriving at Shiloh, they see a log cabin, as Leroy expected. Close to the cemetery, they eat lunch. After they eat, Leroy smokes a joint, silence falls, and Norma Jean tells him that she wants to leave him. He suggests starting over, and she says they already did start over. After making her final decision, she travels down a serpentine brick path to begin her journey. Norma jean does not know where this path will lead her, but she knows that she is finally leaving. Leroy and Norma Jean are both victims of rapid social ch ange. Norma Jean was the most affected by her surroundings comparing to Leroy. Norma Jean had to marry at the age of eighteen to the man who got her pregnant, and in a cruel twist of fate, the child dies of sudden infant death syndrome. This event from her life prevents her to look towards the painful past. From the very beginning of the story, Norma Jean is portrayed as a woman continuously trying to better herself. She takes the opportunity of Leroy’s rehabilitation from his accident to start bodybuilding. After the bodybuilding class is over, she takes a composition class at night, and starts to cook more exotic food. Apart from Norma Jean’s efforts to self-improvement, Leroy refuses to move on from the past. While their surroundings are modernizing and changing to a more suburb area, Leroy continues to live in the past, such as living in an old log cabin. Leroy also relates the present to the previous, when he relates the doctor’s son to his own lost son. These two characters opposing each other, leads Norma Jean to her final decision of leaving her husband at the end of the story and the various aspects of her character revealing that desire. These aspects of her character were her devotion to progress in life, and her inability to communicate with her husband while he was still stuck in the past. The setting in the short story â€Å"Shiloh† by Bobbie Ann Mason works well to accentuate the theme of the story. The theme portrayed by the author is that most people change along with their environment, with the exception of the few who are unwilling to adapt, making it difficult for things such as marriage to work out successfully. As Norma Jean advances herself, their marriage ultimately collapses due to Leroy’s unwillingness to adapt with her and the changing environment. The author’s use of the difficulties of Norma Jean and Leroy’s adaptation to their changing environment, leaves the story to its central theme, change and transformation.

La Tène Culture Iron Age Celts in Europe

La Tà ¨ne (spelled with and without the diacritical e) is the name of an archaeological site in Switzerland, and the name given to the archaeological remains of the central European barbarians who harassed the classical Greek and Roman civilizations of the Mediterranean during the last part of the European Iron Age, ca. 450–51 BCE. Fast Facts: La Tene Culture La Tà ¨ne refers to central European people who prospered and grew populated enough to need to migrate into the Mediterranean region and harass the classical civilizations of Greek and Rome between 450–51 BCE.Instead of the fortified settlements of their predecessors in central Europe, La Tà ¨ne cultural groups lived in small, dispersed self-sufficient settlements.  Ã‚  The Romans referred to them as Celts, but in fact, they are not equivalent to the Celts from the north. The end of La Tà ¨ne was a direct result of the successful expansion of the Roman empire, conquering all of the Mediterranean and eventually most of Europe and Western Asia.   The Rise of La Tà ¨ne Between 450 and 400 BCE, the Early Iron Age Hallstatt elite power structure in central Europe collapsed, and a new set of elites around the fringes of the Hallstatt region grew in power. Called the Early La Tà ¨ne, these new elites settled into the richest trade networks in central Europe, the river valleys between the mid-Loire valley in France and Bohemia. The La Tà ¨ne cultural pattern was significantly different from earlier Hallstatt elite settlements. Like the Hallstatt, elite burials included wheeled vehicles; but La Tà ¨ne elites used a two-wheeled chariot that they probably adopted from the Etruscans. Like Hallstatt, the La Tà ¨ne cultural groups imported many goods from the Mediterranean, particularly wine vessels associated with a La Tà ¨ne drinking ritual; but the La Tà ¨ne created their own stylistic forms combining elements from Etruscan art with indigenous elements and Celtic symbols from the regions north of the English Channel. Characterized by stylized floral patterns and human and animal heads, the Early Celtic Art appeared in the Rhineland by the early 5th century BCE. The La Tene population abandoned the hillforts used by the Hallstatt  and lived instead in small, dispersed self-sufficient settlements. Social stratification illustrated in cemeteries practically disappears, especially compared to Hallstatt. Finally, the La Tà ¨ne clearly were more war-like than their Hallstatt precursors. Warriors obtained the closest approximation of elite status in La Tene culture through raiding, particularly after the migrations into the Greek and Roman worlds began, and their burials were marked by weaponry, swords, and battle gear. La Tà ¨ne and the "Celts" The La Tà ¨ne people are often referred to as the Pan-European Celts, but that doesnt necessarily mean they were people who had migrated from western Europe on the Atlantic. Confusion about the name Celt is mainly the fault of Roman and Greek writers concerning these cultural groups. Early Greek writers such as Herodotus kept the designation Celt for people north of the English Channel. But later writers used the same term interchangeably with Gauls, referring to the warlike barbarian trading groups in central Europe. That was primarily to distinguish them from the eastern Europeans, who were lumped together as Scythians. Archaeological evidence does not suggest close cultural ties between western Europe Celts and the central European Celts. That the early La Tà ¨ne cultural material represents the remains of the people the Romans called Celts is undoubted, but the central European Celtic uprising that took over the remains of the Hallstatt hillfort elite may have simply been central Europeans, and not northerners. The La Tà ¨ne grew prosperous because they controlled Mediterranean access to elite goods, and by the end of the 5th century, the La Tà ¨ne people were too numerous to remain in their homelands in central Europe. Celtic Migrations Greek and Roman writers (in particular Polybius and Livy) describe the massive social upheaval of the 4th century BCE as what archaeologists recognize as cultural migrations in response to over-population. The younger warriors of the La Tà ¨ne moved towards the Mediterranean in several waves and began raiding on the rich communities they found there. One group got well into Etruria where they founded Milan; this group came up against the Romans. In 390 BCE, several successful raids on Rome were conducted, until the Romans paid them off, reportedly 1000 pieces of gold. A second group headed for the Carpathians and the Hungarian Plain, getting as far as Transylvania by 320 BC. A third moved into the Middle Danube valley and came into contact with Thrace. In 335 BC, this group of migrants met with Alexander the Great; and it wasnt until after Alexanders death that they were able to move into Thrace itself and wider Anatolia. The fourth wave of migration moved into Spain and Portugal, where the Celts and Iberians together posed a threat to Mediterranean civilizations. Interestingly, although the migrations are documented in historical Roman records, archaeological data concerning these migrations has been somewhat difficult to pin down. The cultural changes in the styles of living are patently visible, but strontium analysis of the skeletal remains at tthree cemeteries in Bohemia suggest instead that the populations might have been made up of mixed local and outsider people. The La Tà ¨ne End Beginning in the third century BCE, evidence for elites within the Late La Tene forces is seen in rich burials throughout central Europe, as is wine consumption, a large quantity of imported Republican bronze and ceramic vessels, and large-scale feasting. By the second century BCE, oppidum--the Roman word for hillforts--appear once more in La Tene sites, serving as the seats of government for late Iron Age people. The final centuries of the La Tene culture appear to have been fraught with constant battles as Rome grew in power. The end of the La Tà ¨ne period is traditionally associated with the successes of Roman imperialism, and the eventual conquest of Europe. Sources Carlson, Jack. A Symbol—but of What? Iron Age Daggers, Alessi Corkscrews, and Anthropoid Embellishment Reconsidered Antiquity 85.330 (2011): 1312–24. Print.Hà ¼glin, Sophie, and Norbert Spichtig. War Crime or Élite Burial: Interpretations of Human Skeletons within the Late La Tà ¨ne Settlement Basel-Gasfabrik, Basel, Switzerland. European Journal of Archaeology 13.3 (2010): 313–35. Print.Pearce, Mark. The Spirit of the Sword and Spear. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23.01 (2013): 55–67. Print.Saliari, Konstantina, Erich Pucher, and Matthias Kucera. Archaeozoological Investigation of the La Tene a-C1 Salt-Mining Complex and the Surrounding Graves of Putzenkopf Nord (Bad Dà ¼rrnberg, Austria). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A fà ¼r Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Palà ¤ontologie, Anthropologie und Prà ¤historie 118 (2016): 245–88. Print.Scheeres, Mirjam, et al. Celtic Migrations: Fact or Fiction? Strontium and Oxygen Isotope Analysis of the Czech Cemeteries of Radovesice and Kutnà ¡ Hora in Bohemia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 155.4 (2014): 496–512. Print.Seguin, Guillaume, et al. The Earliest Dental Prosthesis in Celtic Gaul? The Case of an Iron Age Burial at Le Chà ªne, France. Antiquity 88.340 (2014): 488–500. Print.Stika, Hans-Peter. Early Iron Age and Late Mediaeval Malt Finds from Germany—Attempts at Reconstruction of Early Celtic Brewing and the Taste of Celtic Beer. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 3.1 (2011): 41–48. Print.Winger, Katja. Identity and Power: The Transformation of Iron Age Societies in Northeast Gaul. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89.2 (2014): 422. Print.

A Picture Of A Dead Bird - 1006 Words

The viewer will be analyzing a picture from 60 of the most powerful advertisements. The advertisements shows how the trash that we do not pick up off the ground, animals will munch on and later end up dying from all the trash inside their bodies. The advertisements shows a picture of a dead bird lying in the middle of the road. The bird is shown with trash off the roadways that people throw out when they are going down the road. The bird does not just find trash off the road, it is on the beaches, in bodies of water, it is everywhere. The advertisement that the view will see does not show bold, radiant, bright colors, the trash inside the bird has depressing, bitter, gloomy colors of black, whites and other various colors that are mournful. When the viewer thinks of litter, they do not think of color they should think of sad and depressing dark colors as in grey, black and white. The bird, and the trash inside the bird, is the focal point of this advertisement. Things inside the bi rd may include pop lids, plastic and tubes of some sort. The background behind the focal point is the road to show all the scum along the roadways that the bird has swallowed. This advertisement caught my attention for many reasons, although the first thing that caught my attention was the reason of not thinking about the excesses along roadways and how it would affect wild animals. The viewer should be thinking about was the way trash affects the community. Littering is a crime, although notShow MoreRelatedHow the Media Influences the Public Perception of Science Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific issues. Bird flu is a type of flu normally found in birds. Infected birds shed influenza virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and faeces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with contaminated excretions or with surfaces that are contaminated with excretions or secretions. 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These literaryRead MoreSummary Of Birds, Shadows, And Dialogues1571 Words   |  7 PagesJi Hyun Park Film 106A Fall 2014 Jessica Fowler November 26th 2014 Birds, Shadows, and Dialogues: Mise-en-scene and Sound in Psycho Alfred Hitchcock, the director of the film Psycho (1960), is known as the master of suspense. He is famous for emphasizing visual elements in his films to construct the atmosphere of tension. In addition, he utilized various editing techniques in order to portray and convey specific purpose of each scene. Using techniques such as continuity editing and varying shotRead MoreSymbolism In Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers827 Words   |  4 Pagesoppression imposed on women of this period. One significant symbol is that of the bird and the bird-cage. When the two women come across the empty, broken bird-cage, they ponder the reason for the broken door and the fate of the canary who occupied it. 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Dream Analysis Personal Narrative - 973 Words

â€Å"Such are the familiar dreams of falling from a height, of teeth falling out, of flying and of embarrassment of being naked† (Freud 69). These dreams that we experience, are believed to be representations of our desires or fears, according to Freudian ideology. Sigmund Freud also believed that there existed a structural model for our personalities that consisted of the id, ego, and superego. He held the idea that the id was an instinctual drive that relied upon the pleasure principle. Conversely, however outrageous the desire was, it was repressed by the superego. This superego functioned as a censor, which assisted us in undertaking socially acceptable behaviors, by repressing urges from the id. The ego acted upon the reality principle†¦show more content†¦In the end of my dream I ended up failing the test due to my unpreparedness. The test being failed was a symbol of how I was going to fail college and life if I did not have a plan. I realized that the clock w as ticking and that I needed a goal, which would be my major. The plan I needed was to figure out which classes to take to reach my program that I wanted to get into. I realized I had to select a major quickly and move forward if I wanted to do well in life. Anxiety dreams also may uncover what people truly desire. My classmate, Gracia, experienced a dream in which her loved ones died. Her dream set out in what seemed to be a zombie apocalypse. During the zombie apocalypse, Gracia was upstairs in her room, when she suddenly heard what sounded to be a break in. In response, she rushed to her mother’s room to find her mother lying lifeless on the floor. Fearful that her younger brother may have been be facing the same danger, she hurried to locate him. As soon as Gracia finds him, she sees how he had been preparing for the zombie apocalypse with his bows and other weapons. 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MIllers tale Essay Example For Students

MIllers tale Essay Courtly Love in Chaucer and Marie de France In his The Millers Tale Chaucer presents a side of the courtly love tradition never seen before. His characters are average middle class workers rather than elite nobility. There is an interesting comparison between the Millers characters and those in two of Marie de Frances lais that share very close plot lines. Instead of being idealized Chaucers characters are gritty. Instead of being involved in courtly love there is some evidence that the relationship between Alison and Nicholas is one of lust. Chaucers use of the lower class makes the absurdity of what they are doing stand out. In the lais of Marie de France, Guigemare and Yonec, are built on the same archetype which is the same as Chaucers Millers tale uses. Maries lais can give provide a set of ground rules for this archetype. The two lais share several similar elements. They both contain the same three central characters, who possesses fundamental similarities, the same beginning plot line and several of the same themes. The first character shared by the two lais is the storys villain, the aged husband. He is a powerful lord who is much older than his wife. Because he is conscious of this fact, he worries constantly that his wife will betray him, so he locks her up. He is both the least and most important figure in the story. Hes important because without his presence and actions the story could never take place. But he has very little actual interaction with the other two more central characters. The husband in Yonec is never described as meeting either his wife or her lover. In Guigemare the husband, wife and Guigemare are only together when the two lovers are discovered. The figure of the beautiful, imprisoned wife is the second central character. She is the quintessential damsel in distress, beautiful, noble (and with the exception of her one true love) chaste. The third character is the valiant lover who rescues the unhappy and imprisoned damsel. In both Guigemare and Yonec this character is a knight, and like his lover, the damsel in distress, he is the stereotypical knight in shining armor. He is described as being afflicted by love, and says he will die without it. He will go to any extent for his true love. As with characters both Guigemare and Yonec share a similar plot line. The young wife is locked up by her jealous husband. Then by some magical means her lover is transported to her. After some protestation from the woman, and some wooing from the knight, the two become lovers, until they are discovered and separated. After this point the two plots diverge. Also central to both stories is the idea that these extra-marital affairs are not improper. In Guigemare, the ladys maid says to the knight: The man who wishes to love my lady must keep her constantly in his thoughts and, if you remain faithful to each other, the love between you will be right and proper. (pg. 49) Obviously fidelity is important, but not forced fidelity. Love is more important than marriage in these lais. Its also important to note the chastity of the lovers. There is no mention of contact between the imprisoned wives and their husbands. In Yonec the Lord of Caerwent takes his wife for the purpose of child bearing, but she is imprisoned for seven years before meeting her lover and no children are evidenced from the text. Guigemare has never been in love before he meets his true love. .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .postImageUrl , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:hover , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:visited , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:active { border:0!important; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:active , .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426 .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u019dd8ac829da9d741b2a28cd3567426:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Loyalty, Devotion, Fortitude Essay This gives the love and actions between the pairs seem even more pure, and also makes it seem to be less sinful. Love is a powerful force in both these stories. It is not only the driving force behind the characters actions, but it also causes them physical affliction. Marie de France writes in Guigemare: But love had now pierced him to the quick and his heart was greatly disturbed. For the lady wounded him so deeply he had completely forgotten his homeland. . .The knight remained alone, mournful and downcast. He did not yet realize the cause, but at least he knew that, if